The meaning of all and every is very similar but we use them in different ways. We use all with plural and uncountable nouns and every with singular nouns:
All donations will be sent to the earthquake relief fund.
All equipment must be returned by the end of June. (uncountable)
Every donation is appreciated.
We can use all and all of before determiners, but we don’t use every before determiners:
I invited all (of) my friends.
Not: … every my friends
All (of) the
We can use all and all of before articles (the, a/an), demonstratives (this, that) and possessives (our, his) but we can’t use every before them:
[talking about a library]
It has got all (of) the books that have ever been published.
Not: It has got every the book or It has got the every book
She’s gone to all (of) their concerts this year. She hasn’t missed one.
We use across as a preposition (prep) and an adverb (adv). Across means on the other side of something, or from one side to the other of something which has sides or limits such as a city, road or river:
We took a boat [PREP]across the river.
[PREP]Across the room, she could see some old friends. She got up and went to join them.
My neighbour came [ADV]across to see me this morning to complain about our cat.
The road was so busy that we found it difficult to get [ADV]across.
We also use across when something touches or stretches from one side to another:
The Ponte Vecchio is a beautiful old bridge across the river Arno in Florence.
She divided the page by drawing a red line across it. Then she cut it in two.
Especially in American English, across from is used to refer to people or objects being ‘opposite’ or ‘on the other side’:
The pharmacy is across from the Town Hall.
Helen’s office is just across from mine.
We use across to emphasise that something is happening at the same time in many places, e.g. within an organisation, a city or a country:
She’s opened coffee shops across the city and they’re very successful.
Across the country, people are coming out to vote for a new president.
We also use across to refer to the width or diagonal measurement of something:
The size of a television screen is measured from the higher corner of one side to the lower corner of the other side, that is, from one corner across to the opposite corner.
Across comes after measurements when we talk about diameter or width:
The building is 157 metres long, 92 metres across and the façade is 68 metres wide.
Over
We use over as a preposition and an adverb to refer to something at a higher position than something else, sometimes involving movement from one side to another:
From the castle tower, you can see [PREP]over the whole city.
We toasted marshmallows [PREP]over the fire.
We drove high up [PREP]over the mountains on a narrow dangerous road.
Suddenly a plane flew [ADV]over and dropped hundreds of leaflets.
Come over often means to come to the speaker’s home:
You must come [ADV]over and have dinner with us some time.
Especially when we use them as adverbs, over can mean the same as across:
We walked over to the shop. (or We walkedacrossto the shop – the shop is on the other side of the road)
I was going across to say hello when I realised that I couldn’t remember his name. (or I was goingoverto say … meaning ‘to the other side of the street or room’)
Across, over and through: typical errors
When moving from one side to another while surrounded by something, we use through not across:
We cycled through a number of small villages.
Not: We cycled across a number of small villages.
When we talk about something extending or moving from one side to another, we use across not on:
The papers were spread across the table.
Not: The papers were spread on the table.
We don’t use through when we’re talking about periods of time from start to finish and we mention a specific number of days, weeks, etc:
We haven’t seen each other much over the last four years.
Not: We haven’t seen each other much through the last four years.
We can use no doubt when we think that what we are saying is likely to happen, or when we think it is true. It is similar to ‘I suppose’ or ‘I imagine’:
A:
No doubtyou’ll want breakfast before you leave tomorrow.
B:
Yes, if that’s okay.
A:
No problem.
We can use there is no doubt that … when we are very certain about our opinion. We use it in formal situations:
He’s never won Wimbledon, but there’s no doubt that he is a great tennis player.
Not: He’s never won a Wimbledon title but no doubt he’s a great tennis player.
Without doubt is even more formal. We use it when we are absolutely certain about our opinion:
Paul McCartney is without doubt one of the greatest composers of popular music of all time.
Not: Paul McCartney is no doubt one of the greatest …
01) Have you seen the shoes that I bought today? Você viu os sapatos que eu comprei ontem?
The word ‘that’ define – or give more information about – the thing that we are talking about. A palavra que define – ou dá mais informação sobre – a coisa que nós estamos falando.
We start with a noun and then we add a relative pronoun, such as who or that, plus a verb phrase, The relative pronoun who is for peoble. Nós começamos com um nome e então nós adicionamos um pronome relativo, tal como quem ou que, mas um vorbo frasal. O pronome quem é para pessoas.
02) The man who owns this restaurant is my best frend. O homem que possui este restaurante é meu melhor amigo,
The pronoun ‘which’ is for things, and we use ‘that’ for both, people and things. O pronome “a qual” é para coisas, e nós usamos “que” para ambos, pessoas e coisas.
Which – o que, que, qual, quais, as quais, os quais, etc
03) Spring is the season which I enjoy the most. Primavera é a estação a qual eu aproveito o máximo.
04) That woman is the doctor who saw me yesterday. Essa mulher é a médica que me atendeu ontem.
05) That woman is the doctor who I saw yesterday. Aquela mulher é a doutora que eu vi (fui atendido) ontem.
So the rule is: when the pronoun refers to the subject, it’s: Então a regra é: quando o pronome refere-se ao sujeito, fica:
06) She’s the doctor who saw me yesterday. Ela é a doutora que me atendeu ontem.
When the pronoun refers to the object it’s; Quando o pronome se refere ao objeto fica:
07) She’s the doctor who I saw yesterday. Ela é a doutora pelo qual eu fui atendido ontem.